Sunday, November 10, 2013

Week 11 - 05 Nov. 2013 - Watersheds



Draft papers due with – reviewer comments, outline, wordsearch

Watershed - The area of land where all of the water that is under it or drains off of it goes into the same place.  (The land that contributes water to a given site.)

Evaluate the quality of a watershed – how good is it at doing its job?
What should we look for when we evaluate a watershed?

Drew two watersheds –
Watershed 1 - Poor quality - with factory, livestock in stream, houses by stream, crops
Watershed 2 - Good quality – no factory, livestock in pens away from water, houses away from water, crops follow contours

1.   Evaluate               Watershed 1                                        Watershed 2
Industry                   1 factory that discharges into river     0 factories
Agriculture               livestock in water, crops                     livestock in pens, crops in contours
Human population   high along the river                             trees between river and houses
Natural landscape    deforestation                                       many trees

Conclusion – watershed 1 is poor quality

2.   Make recommendations to improve watershed 1
Industry                   factory water treated before discharge into river
Agriculture               put livestock in pens and crops in contours, don’t use pesticides
Human population   plants trees between river and houses
Natural landscape    plant more tress

What do forests have to do with this?
See Table 3.2
Forests occupy 30% of the earth’s land surface
Forest 29%   (tropical 15%, temperate 7%, boreal 7%)
Savanna 14%
Grasslands 10%
Tundra 7%
Deserts and Scrublands 21%
Cultivated lands, wetlands, etc. 19%

Ecosystem services – things that the ecosystem does for us
Aesthetics – ecotours, spiritual etc.
clean the air
store carbon and make it available (to primary producers)
protect watersheds and water

Others
absorb and reflect solar energy
roots penetrate soil and increase filtration (rather than runoff)

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